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Basic knowledge of glass lens manufacturing and coating

1、 Manufacturing method of glass lenses

1. The previous method: make the melted optical glass into a Glass rod with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the lens to be processed during the molding process, and then cut it into sheets according to the thickness of the lens. Obtain specialized mechanical processing instruments and process them into finished products as required. The processing process mainly includes rough grinding, medium grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding, polishing, and annealing. The materials used for coarse to fine grinding are mainly various sizes of diamond sand. The polishing method can be achieved by using flame polishing when the requirements are not high*** The lenses must be polished using mechanical methods, and the material used for polishing is generally cerium oxide.

2. The current method is to first use a mold for hot pressing forming. Mainly to reduce the waste caused by processing in the original method and improve work efficiency. The method is to determine the quality of molten glass based on the quality of the lens, put the glass in a certain temperature and viscous state into a mold, * * * shape, and * * * anneal. There are two types of results: first, once in place, the formed product can meet the dimensional accuracy requirements. Tiny defects can be compensated for by coating. The requirements for molds are very high, and to my knowledge, they are currently not available in China. This product can meet most needs. The accuracy of the lens is mainly affected by the accuracy of the mold. The second is that the formed product is a high-precision blank, which is then mechanically processed according to the original method mentioned above, but the processing amount is very small, which can significantly improve production efficiency. Products that require extremely high accuracy often use this method. The accuracy of lenses is mainly affected by the accuracy of mechanical processing instruments.

2、 Basic knowledge of coating

As we all know, any object has a reflective effect on light, which is also why we can see things. For lenses, in order to allow light to completely pass through the lens and reflect the true natural situation on the negative, the lens * * * requires all kinds of light to pass through completely. High quality optical glass with a light transmittance of up to 90%

Above all, the remaining light loss needs to be compensated by coating the lens surface with a film. Therefore, the optical lens is mainly coated with antireflection coating, also known as Anti-reflective coating. To meet various requirements, it is often necessary to coat multiple layers of film. In order to improve the scratch resistance of glass, the outer layer is often a high hardness film. In the laboratory, modern technology can almost achieve 100% light passing through. The reason for saying this is because in practical use, the lens is more or less affected by dust, dirt, etc., which reduces the light passing through the lens. There are many methods for coating, but there are only a few conventional methods.

（1） Chemical methods, including sol gel method, chemical vapor deposition and other methods. Prepare a solution with a certain component based on the properties of the membrane, and then:

1. Dip plating. Heat the clean glass to a certain temperature, then put it into a prepared chemical solution, take it out, and dry it. This kind of film is obviously double-sided.

2. Spray plating. Place the prepared membrane solution on the spray gun and spray it onto a clean, hot glass surface. Drying. The vitreous body can move or rotate to increase the uniformity of the membrane. Can be plated on both sides or one side. (In the past, the so-called glue throwing method was used for lens coating, but due to its uneconomical nature, it has been phased out in modern technology for inorganic coating. However, it is still a commonly used and low-cost method for coating * * * films.).

（2） Physical coating method. There are many different forms of vacuum evaporation, ion plating and sputtering (all can be attributed to Physical vapor deposition). Mainly used for plating metal films, reflective films, etc. Like a mirror. Usually, the coating strength of chemical methods is lower than that of physical methods, but with the rapid development of coating technology, especially in the past one or two decades, the results achieved by chemical or physical methods are no longer much different. It's just a cost difference. Previously, chemical methods could only deposit one layer of film. When depositing the second layer, the upper layer of film was often damaged due to the influence of temperature, but modern technology has basically solved this problem.

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